Chemical and physical stimuli are said to lead cell proliferation and differentiation. We focused on capsaicin which is considered as a nociceptive stimulus, and examined the expression of capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) in cultured rat bone marrow stromal cells (RBMSCs). RBMSCs were cultured in DMEM with or without capsaicin. The expression of TRPV1 mRNA was examined. TRPV1 mRNA was only expressed in the experimental group. TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel, can be activated not only by capsaicin but also by heat, acid and lipids. For years, it is said that the expression of TRPV1 was restricted to sensory neurons and CNS. While a number of recent studies demonstrated TRPV1 in a variety of non-neuronal tissues, there are no studies that demonstrated TRPV1 in the bone marrow cells. The present study suggests capsaicin leads the expression of TRPV1 in RBMSCs.